APT (Targeted attacks)

Moonlight Maze is the stuff of cyberespionage legend. In 1996 someone was rummaging through military, research, and university networks primarily in the United States, stealing sensitive information on a massive scale. To say that this historic threat actor is directly related to the modern day Turla would elevate an already formidable modern day attacker to another league altogether.

This year we found a new family of ransomware used in targeted attacks against organizations. The next fact about this ransomware is that the threat actors decided to use the well-known Petya ransomware to encrypt user data.

Beginning in November 2016, Kaspersky Lab observed a new wave of wiper attacks directed at multiple targets in the Middle East. The malware used in the new attacks was a variant of the infamous Shamoon worm that targeted Saudi Aramco and Rasgas back in 2012.

Around July last year, more than a 100 Israeli servicemen were hit by a cunning threat actor. The attack compromised their devices and exfiltrated data to the attackers’ C&C. In addition, the compromised devices were pushed Trojan updates. The operation remains active at the time of writing this post.

This threat was originally discovered by a bank’s security team, after detecting Meterpreter code inside the physical memory of a domain controller (DC). Kaspersky Lab participated in the forensic analysis, discovering the use of PowerShell scripts within the Windows registry. Additionally it was discovered that the NETSH utility as used for tunnelling traffic from the victim’s host to the attacker´s C2.

A new, unique JavaScript payload is now being used by Turla in targeted attacks. This new payload, dubbed KopiLuwak, is being delivered using embedded macros within Office documents.

On January 10, 2017, a court order was declassified by the Italian police, in regards to a chain of cyberattacks directed at top Italian government members and institutions. The attacks leveraged a malware named “EyePyramid” to target a dozen politicians, bankers, prominent freemasons and law enforcement personalities in Italy.

Yet another year has flown past and, as far as notable infosec happenings are concerned, this is one for the history books. Drama, intrigue and exploits have plagued 2016 and, as we take stock of some of the more noteworthy stories, we once again cast our gaze forward to glean the shapes of the 2017 threat landscape.

A few days ago, Microsoft published the “critical” MS16-120 security bulletin with fixes for vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Office, Skype for Business, Silverlight and Microsoft Lync. One of the vulnerabilities – CVE-2016-3393 – was reported to Microsoft by Kaspersky Lab in September 2016.

Targeted attackers are using an increasingly wide range of deception techniques to muddy the waters of attribution, planting ‘False Flag’ timestamps, language strings, malware, among other things, and operating under the cover of non-existent groups.

What is most interesting about the StrongPity APT’s more recent activity however, is their focus on users of encryption tools, peaking this past summer. In particular, the focus was on Italian and Belgian users, but the StrongPity watering holes affected systems in far more locations than those two.

In June, 2016, the Russian police arrested the alleged members of the criminal group known as Lurk. The police suspected Lurk of stealing nearly three billion rubles. The story of Lurk gives some idea of the amount of work that has to be done to obtain enough evidence to arrest and prosecute suspects.

We recently identified a cybercriminal operation targeting a large number of organizations, with focus on few countries more than others. Attackers are utilizing simple tools with proficient social engineering, highly successful with Industrial and engineering SMBs. Attacks are ongoing, slowly crippling businesses, spreading harm and ruin wherever they land, like a Ghoul.

August 13, 2016 saw the beginning of a truly bizarre episode. A new identity going under the name ‘ShadowBrokers’ came onto the scene claiming to possess files belonging to the apex predator of the APT world, the Equation Group.

‘ProjectSauron’ – a nation-state threat actor attacking state organizations with a unique set of tools for each victim, making traditional indicators of compromise almost useless. The aim of the attacks appears to be mainly cyber-espionage.